Idgham Rules In Quran
One of the main benefits of learning the Qur’an with Tajweed is mentioned in the hadith of the Prophet “Those who can recite the Qur’an accurately and precisely will attain the highest ranks in Heaven” because the Holy Qur’an is the only book that its recitation is considered a form of worship with great reward. No other book or letter fits this description.
It is expected of every Muslim to read the Qur’an correctly as much as he can and in the correct way that was revealed to our Holy Prophet. Moving on to the article, we will study all the rules of Mim Sakina to the best of our ability.
Allah The Almighty said:
“And recite the Qur’an with a chant”, i.e., do not rush to read the Qur’an, but rather read it slowly and clearly while reflecting on the meanings.
Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said:
“The one who is proficient with the Qur’an will be with the noble and righteous scribes (the angels), and the one who reads it and stumbles over it, finding it difficult, will have two rewards.”
Ibn Al-Jazari also “Most Famous Tajweed Scholar” said:
“The practical application of Tajweed is without doubt compulsory. Who does not read the Quran correctly is a sinner”.
Before we shed light on Idgham Rules and dive into the practice comprehension of its rules, it is also recommended to read the Great Benefits Of Learning Tajweed Quran, as they are also very important an crucial.
We also need to explain why these conditions are known and applied while reciting the Holy Quran. As we know, reading the Qur’an well means reading it correctly according to the rules of Tajweed. Hence, it is important for us to learn the Idgham meaning and its rules.
God Almighty revealed the Noble Qur’an to our Prophet Muhammad in this form (Tajweed) and commanded him to recite its verses, meditate on their meanings, understand their meanings, and beautify their recitation to be different and distinct from other textual readings.
Hence, putting How To Learn Tajweed Rules, including Idgham Rules, a priority and giving it its dues effort and time is of great importance. Also, understanding our responsibilities so that we can receive his mercy is of our greatest duties.
Before we clarify the Rules Of Idgham, check this inspiring article to know How To Learn Tajweed Quran and apply its rules when reciting the Holy Quran.
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Idgham Tajweed Rules
Before explaining what Idgham Tajweed is, it is important to understand why it is important to be familiar with these concepts and how to use them when reciting the Holy Quran.
As we all know, reciting the Quran properly and in accordance with the tajweed guidelines constitutes reading it well. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) is said to have said:
“The Qur’an states that whoever is adept at reading it will be among the honorable and upright scribes (the angels), and that whoever stumbles over it or finds it difficult will receive two prizes”.
So, it is crucial to priorities learning Idgham rule and to devote the necessary effort and time to it. One of our greatest obligations is to comprehend our tasks so that we might receive his mercy. Continue reading if you want to learn Idgham tajweed.
What Is Idgham In Tajweed
Let’s start by understanding what Idgham means in Tajweed. Idgham, which is written in Arabic, (ادغام) literally translates as “to merge into another.” Idgham is a language in which a consonant letter and a vowel letter merge to form a single letter that is spoken with the weight of two letters.
Idgham Meaning
The English translation of the Idgham word for “addition” is “to combine.” Clustering occurs when we categories items with similar traits because it makes it simpler for us to find what we need in the end. Similar to this, joining two letters and producing the sound of the one with the more pronounced characteristic is easier for the tongue to achieve. Idgham is the name of this.
Idgham Letters In English
Idgham letters in English mean that it is the joining of a consonant letter with another vowel letter so that the two letters become one stressed letter. If the reader pronounces them as if they were one letter, the tongue will rise one height. It is also the weight of two letters.
Idgham Letters In Arabic
The following letters cause idghaam of noon sakinah and tanween:
- الرّاء (ر)
- الميم (م)
- اللام (ل)
- الواو (و)
- النون (ن)
- الياء (ي)
Idgham letters that make up the following word:
يَرْمَلُون.
Types Of Idgham
Now take a look at the types of Idgham which are as follows.
- Idghaam with Ghunnah
- Idghaam without Ghunnah
- Idghaam with Ghunnah.
The rule is followed when the letters noon, saakinah, or tanween appear at the end of a word and one of these letters appears as the initial letter of the next word.
It is not pronounced clearly but is combined with the following letter to form ghunnah (nasalization).
- Idghaam without Ghunnah.
When one of these two letters starts a word with a noon saakinah or tanween at the end of it, the noon is entirely merged into the letter that follows it without ghunnah (complete insertion).
Idgham Examples In The quran
Now take a look at idgham example to clear your mind about idgham in tajweed. We can see many examples in the Quran that tells us about idgham. Check out this verse in the Holy Quran.
Example no.1
- من ربّي
Reading “min rabbi” as “mir-rabbi”
Example no.2
- وَيْلٌ لِّكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُّمَزَةٍۙ
The phrase “waylun likulli humazatin lumazah” can be interpreted as “waylulikulli humazatilumaza.”
Idgham Noon Sakin Examples
Addition of one letter to another is known as idghaam. After Tanween or Noon Sakinah, becomes Idghaam with Ghunna (nasal sound) for two counts. If the letters Lam or Ra appear after Tanween or noon Sakiin, Idgham is present but Ghunna is absent.
The third one of the Noon Saakin rules is called Idghaam. We will analyze it by dividing it into Idgham with ghunnah and Idgham with bighunnah. Each example from Quran is also mentioned below.
- A Quranic example of Idgham with ghunna.
According to the ghunna, Idgham, if one of these letters (waw, yaa, noun, or meem) comes after the sakinah nun or tanween, it is the Idgham of a consonant letter into another vowel such that they become one stressed letter of the gender of the second, with the accompanying ghunnah.
- such as the Almighty’s remark: And just as He, the Highest, had said, “(وَمَن يَعْمَلْ), and just as He, the Highest, had said, “(أَمَنَةً نُّعَاسًا ), and just as He, the Highest, had said, “(مِن والٍ ), and he had spoken it ((صِراطاً مُسْتَقِيماwith the consonants “nun” and “tanween” while demonstrating the “ghawna.”
- النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللَّـهِ وَبِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ
(Al-Baqarah:8)
In this illustration, the (ئ), which is the letter of Ingham with Ghunnah, occurs after the Noon Sakinah. As a result, the Noon Sakin is dropped, and the sound that is made is Mayyyy. The reciter emphasises the joining of Meen with Yaa.
- Idgham bighunnah examples
If the letter lam or ra appears after the sakinah nun or tanween, it is the insertion of a consonant letter into another vowel such that they constitute one stressed letter of the second gender, without accompanying the ghunnah.
- such as His statement, “The Almighty,” which is (مِّن لَّبَنٍ)and His saying, “The Almighty,” which is (غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ)
Some of the instances of Idghaam in the Quran without Ghunnah are as follows.
- فَإِنِ انْتَهَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّـهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
Raa comes after Tanween, thus the reader will omit Tanween and read it with a Dummah. It will be combined and pronounced as Ghafoorur Raheem rather than Ghafoorun Raheem. Yet since Ghunnah does not take place, we won’t concentrate on this merger.
- أُولَـٰئِكَ عَلَىٰ هُدًى مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ ۖ وَأُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
Here, Raa will take the place of the Noon Sakinah and be fully dropped. In place of Min Rabbihim, the letter before Meem will blend with Raa and be pronounced as Mir-Rabbihim.
- وَمَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّنْ يَدْعُو مِنْ دُونِ اللَّـهِ مَنْ لَا يَسْتَجِيبُ لَهُ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَهُمْ عَنْ دُعَائِهِمْ غَافِلُونَ
The Noon Saakin is omitted from this verse because Laam comes after it. Instead of Man-Laa, it will be pronounced Mallaa.
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FAQ
How many letters of idgham are there?
The tajweed idgham alphabet only has six letters کم. It is categorised under the word (يَرْمَلُون).
They are Yaa. Al-Ra’ Al-Mim Al-Lam. (The waw.
Idgham rules in English
According to Idgham regulations, you must merge Nun As-Sakinah or Tanween into the letter if it follows one of the Idghaam letters. Because Shaddah is present.
In Idgham pronunciation, the sakinah and tanwin are swallowed up or consumed by the letter that comes after them. When the idgham letters come before the sakinah and tanwin, they are pronounced with a “merge” sound.
Example of Idgham with ghunnah in Quran
There are only four places in the Quran where Idghaam with Ghunna comes in one word (But they are recited with Ith’har) and they are:
- صِنْوَانٌ from surah An’aam 99
- قِنْوَانٌ from surah Ar-Ra’ad 4
- الدُّنْيَا from surah Al-Baqara 85
- بُنْيَانٌ from surah As-Saf 4
Examples of Idgham in Quran
- أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ مِنَ الصَّوَاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ ۚوَاللَّـهُ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ
- إِذْ أَوَى الْفِتْيَةُ إِلَى الْكَهْفِ فَقَالُوا رَبَّنَا آتِنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً وَهَيِّئْ لَنَا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا رَشَدًا
Idghan with ghunnah examples
There will be a ghunnah, in which the reciter will emphasise the joining that occurs. This is demonstrated by the following example:
- وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا
The letter Jeem (ج) merges with waow (و) at this location, and the letter (و) follows the Tanween. In this case, the letter Alif (ا) is disregarded.
- جَزَاءً مِّن رَّبِّكَ عَطَاءً حِسَابًا
Here, the letter Hamza (ء) is followed by the letter Meem (م), which has a Tanween. Idgham with Ghunnah so takes place. The reciter in this instance uses Ghunnah by accentuating the two highlighted letters, lowering the typical Tanween sound, and combining Hamza and Meem.
